Parthenon

Essay text:

. at the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), for example, the Greeks prevailed, tho they were outnumbered an estimated 9 to 1 So: this pediment sculpture speaks of the victory of the civilized over the barbaric And the choice of centaurs to represent barbarism is very apt, for the horse-loving Persians seem to have described themselves as being like centaurs For the Persians, this likeness to centaurs was a positive image For the Greeks, the association was negative: Altho there was a tradition that Chiron, the wise leader of the Centaurs tried to stop the violence at Perithoos' wedding In general the Greeks associated centaurs with hubris (wanton insolence or arrogance) and unrestrained animal nature by drawing a parallel between Persians and centaurs (with their hubris and their animal nature), the sculpture makes a strong statement about the Greeks' perception of the Persians as being animals and therefore inferior And so this sculptural group also refers to the contrast between human beings + animals: Humans acknowledge their responsibility to live under law-- something the centaurs were not exactly doing In this context, it makes sense that Apollo--who among other things the god of law--is there in the middle w/ his arm outstretched: invisible, but present at the battle (Obviously, the sculpture's there, but the idea is that it's "understood" that the mortals can't see him)