Greek Bases

Essay text:

(H)APT- to touch (H)APH- sense of touch aphephobia – morbid fear of contact with other persons ACANTH- thorn, pricle hexacanth – having six hooks ACOU- ACU- to hear acoustic ACR- extremity, summit acropolis, acrobat ACTIN- ray actinogenic – producting radiation ADELPH- brother Philadelphia, adelphogamy – brother and sister mating ADEN- gland adenophore – the stalk of a nectar gland AER- air, gas aerosol, aeroplane AGOG(UE)- inducing the flow of, expelling cholagogue – an agent which promotes the flow of bile -AGRA painful seizure arthragra – muscular pain in the joints ALEX- to ward off alexin – a complement ALG- pain analgesic – remedy for relieving pain ALL- other, different parallel, allogamy – cross-fertilization; opposite of autogamy AMBLY- dull AMYGDAL- almond, tonsil amygdalitis – inflammation of the tonsils AMYL- starch amyloid – a starchlike chemical ANCON- elbow anconeus – a small muscle at the back of the elbow joint ANDR- man, male android ANGI- vessel angiitis – inflammation of blood or lymph vessel ANKYL- bent, stiff, adhesion of parts ankylocheilia – adhesion of the lips ANTH- flower chrysanthemum ANTHROP- man, human being anthropology ANTR- cavity, sinus antritis – maxillary sinusitis ARACHN- spider arachnidium – apparatus by which a spider web is produced ARCH(E)- ancient, beginning, primitive archeology, archenteron – embryonic alimentary cavity ARGYR- silver argyria – dusty gray discoloration of skin ARTHR- joint, speech sound, articulation arthritis ASC- bag ascogenous – producing asci ASTR- ASTER- star asterisk, astrology AUT- self automobile AUX(E)- increase auxesis – increase in size or bulk BA- to step, to go, to walk acrobat, base, basis, basophobia BALAN- acorn, the glans penis balanoid – acorn shaped BALL- BOL- BLE- to throw, to put metabolism BAR- weight, pressure BARY- heavy barometer, baritone BI- life biography BLAST- bud, germ, embryonic cell astroblast – a primitive cell which develops into an astrocyte BLENN- mucus oligoblennia – a deficient secretion of mucus BLEP- to see ablepsia – loss of vision BLEPHAR- eyelid ablephary – absence of the eyelids BRACHI- arm brachiopod – member of a subclass of marine mulluscs having many foliaceous appendages BRACHY- short brachypodous – possessing a short foot or stalk BRADY- slow bradycardia – abnormal slowness of the heart BRANCHI- gills arthrobranchial – pertaining to joint gills BROM- stench, bromine bromide bromopnea – fetid breath BRONCH(I)- air tube bronchitis – inflammation of mucous membrane of bronchial tubes BRY- moss bryophyte – any of the mosses or liverworts BUL- BOUL- will hyperbulia – exaggerated willfulness CAC- KAK- bad cacesthesia – any morbid sensation CALYPT(R)- hidden calyptobranchiate – with gills not visible from exterior CAMP(T)- CAMPYL- bent acampsia – inflexibility or rigidity of a joint or limb CARCIN- cancer carcinogen – any cancer producing substance CARDI- heart CARP- fruit actinocarpous – plants with flowers and fruit radially arranged CARP- wrist carpitis – arthritis of the carpal joint in domestic animals CAU- CAUS- to burn holocaust, cryocautery – destruction of tissues by application of extreme cold CEL(I)- COEL- -COEL cavity, abdominal cavity celiotomy – opening of the abdominal cavity -CELE hernia, swelling enterocele – hernia containing a loop of intestine CENTE- to puncture enterocentesis – surgical puncture of the intestine CEPHAL- head enCEPHAL- brain acrocephaly – deformity of the head CERC- tail circus – jointed appendage at end of abdomen occurring in many arthropods CHEIL- CHIL- lip acheilia – absence of the lips CHIR- CHEIR- hand chiropractor, chirography – handwriting CHLAMYD- cloak, envelope haplochlamydeous – having rudimentary leaves in connection with sporophylls CHLOR- green, chlorine chloroplast CHOL(E)- bile, gall melancholy, cholochrome – any bile pigment CHONDR- CHONDRI- cartilage, granule hypochondriac CHOR(I)- fetal membrane, tunic of the eyeball chorioblastosis – abnormal proliferation of cells of the chorion CHORD- cord chorditis – inflammation of the spermatic cord CHROM- CHROMAT- CHRO- color monochrome CHRON- time chrono trigger, chronological CHY- to pour CHYM- CHYL- juice chylophyllous – with fleshy leaves CLAD- branch cladode – branch arising from axil of leaf or green CLAS- to break arthroclasia – breaking down of ankylosis of joint CLEID- clavicle hypocleidium – the interclavicle CLI- CLEI- to close CLEIST- closed iridenclaisis – stretching of the iris CLON(US)- muscle spasm logoclonia – explosive or spasmodic enunciation of words CLY(S)- to wash enteroclysis – injection of a fluid preparation into the rectum COCC- berry-shaped organism cytococcus – nucleus of a fertilized egg COL- colon colic COLL(A)- glue collagen – the albuminoid substance of the white fiber of connective tissue COLP- vagina aerocolpos – distention of the vagina with air or gas CONDYL- knob, knuckle amphicondylous – having two ccipital condyles CONI- dust conidiophore – bearing condia, a fungal spore COPR- excrement coprolite – petrified feces COR(E)- pupil of the eye cornea, corediastasis – dilation of the pupil CORM- trunk of a tree or body schistocormus – a monster having a cleft thorax CRA- to mix crater, hematodyscrasia – diseased state of the blood CRANI- cranium amphicrania – headache affecting both sides of head CRI- to separate, to distinguish CRIN- to secrete critic, hypocrite, endocrine – secreting internally CROT- pulse beat anacrotism – the condition in which two or more notches occur on the ascending limb of the pulse curve CRY- CRYM- cold, ice crystal CRYPT- hidden CYAN- blue cyan, cyanide, cyanochrous – having a blue skin CYCL- circle, wheel, ciliary body of the eye cycle, cyclone, acryclia – state of arrested circulation of body fluids CYE- to be pregnant cyophoria – pregnancy, gestation CYN- dog cynic, cynopodous – with nonretractile claws CYST- bladder, cyst, sac polycystic – containing many cysts CYT- cell cytosome DACRY- tear dacryocystitis – inflammation of the lacrimal sac DACTYLE- finger, toe DE- to bind DESM- ligament adesmy – a break or a division in an organ DEC(A)- ten decathlon, decapod – having ten legs DEM- people, country democracy, epidemic DENDR- tree zoodendrium – a treelike branched stalk of certain colonial infusorians DERM- DERMAT- skin dermatologist DEUT- DEUTER- second deuterogenesis – second phase of embryonic development DI- twice, double dilemma, dibranchiate – having two gills DICH- in two dichoptic – having the borders of the compound eye separate DIDYM- twin, testicle didymospore – a two-celled spore DIPS- thirst adipsia – absence of thirst DOCH- to take or receive sialodochoplasty – plastic surgery of a salivary gland duct DOLICH- long dolichorrhine – having a long nose DREPAN- sickle drepanocyte – a crescent shaped cell DROM- running, course syndrome DYNAM- DYN- power dynasty, dyno EC- OEC- OEK- OIK- OIC- house economy, ecology, zooecium – a chamber or sac enclosing a polyzoan nutritive zooid ECH- echo, repetition echolalia – the meaningless repetition of words spoken by others EDE- to swell edema – excessive accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces EME- to vomit hyperemesis – excessive vomiting ENNE(A)- nine ennead – a group of nine ENTER- intestine anenterous – having no alimentary tract EO(S)- dawn or early age, rosy Eolithic – relating to earliest period of the Stone Age ER- EROT- love zooerastia – sexual relations between a human being and a lower animal ERG- work energy, allergy ERYTHR- red photerythrous – sensitivity to the red end of the spectrum ESTHER- AESTHE- ESTHE- to feel, to perceive aesthetics EURY(S)- wide euryphagous – subsisting on a wide variety of foods GALACT- GALA- milk galaxy, galactose, galactorrhea – excessive flow of milk GAM- marriage, union monogamy GANGLI- mass of nerve tissue, small cyst or swelling gangliocyte – a ganglion cell outside the central nervous system GATR- GASTER- stomach, belly of a muscle gastronomic GE- earth geography GEN(E)- GON- to be produced, to produce GON- seed genesis, hydrogen, genocide, gonad – sexual gland GENY- jaw, cheek GENI- chin genyplasty – surgical reconstruction of the jaw GER- GERONT- old person, old age gerodontia – dentistry for the aged GEU- to taste dysgeusia – perversion of the sense of taste GLAUC- silver, gray-green glaucophane – blue, bluish black, grayish silicate of sodium GLI- glue angiogliomatosis – a glioma rich in blood vessels GLOSS- GLOT(T)- tongue, language glossary GLYC- sugar GLYCOS- sugar, glucose glycogen GNATH- jaw GNO- to know diagnosis GON(I)- angle trigonometry, pentagon, hexagon, trigonid – triangle of cusps of the lower molar teeth GON(Y)- GONAT- knee gonalgia – pain in the knew joint GRAPH- to write -GRAM thing written graph, biography, paragraph, cardiogram GYMN- naked, uncovered gymnasium GYN(E)- GYNEC- GYNAEC- female ergatogyne – a female ant GYR- circle, ring gyroidal – spiral in arrangement HAL- salt halite – rock salt HAPL- single haploid – having the number of chromosomes characteristic of mature germ cells for the organism in question HECT- hundred hectare, hectogram – one hundred grams HELI- sun helium, heliocentric, heliopsis – a flower resembling the sunflower HELIC- HELIX spiral helicopter, helix HELMINTH- worm helminthoma – a tumor caused by the presence of a parasitic worm HEM- HEMAT- HAEM- HAEMAT- blood haematobic – living in blood HEMI- half hemisphere, hemibranch – a gill having filaments on one side only HEPAT- HEPAR- liver hepatitis HEPT(A)- seven heptagynous – having seven pistils HETER- other, different heterogeneous HEX(A)- six hexagon, hexagynous – having six pistils HIDRO(S)- sweat chromhidrosis – a rare condition in which the sweat is colored HIPP- horse hippopotamus, Hippidion – genus of extinct Pleistocene horses HIST- HISTI- tissue histozoic – living on or within the tissues HOD- OD- road, way method, cathode HOL- whole, entire holocaust, hologynic – sex linked characteristics transmitting directly from female to female HOM- HOME- same, similar homosexual, homochromous – of one color HYAL- glass, vitreous body of the eye hyalinosis – hyaline degeneration HYDR- water, fluid hydrant, hydrogen HYGR- moisture hygroscopic – readily absorbing moisture HYPN- sleep hypnosis, hypnotherapy – treatment of disease by hypnosis HYSTER- uterus, hysteria hysterotomy – incision of the uterus IATR- physician, medical treatment psychiatry ICHTHY- fish ichthyotoxismus – food poisoning from fish IDE- idea, mental image idea, ideophobia – morbid fear of ideas IDI- one’s own, peculiar, distinct idiot, idiom, ideology, idiotype – individual genotype IN- fiber, muscle inosemia – excess of fibrin in blood IRID- IRIS- iris, rainbow IS- equal, same isozoic – inhabited by similar forms of animal life ISCH- to suppress ischuria – retention or suppression of the urine ISCHI- hip ischiodidymus – conjoined twins united at the hip KARY- CARY- nucleus, nut caryoclastic – agent which splits the cell nucleus KERAT- CERAT- KER- CER- horn, horny tissue, cornea rhinoceros, brachycerous – short horned KILO- one thousand kilogram – one thousand grams KINE- CINE- to move cinema, kinetic KYM- CYM- wave cymotrichous – having wavy hair LAL- to talk bradylalia – flowness of utterance LARYNG- larynx laryngopathy – any disease of the larynx LECITH- yolk centrolecithal – with yolk aggregated in the center LEI- smooth leiodermatous – smooth-skinned LEMM(A)- sheath, husk neurolemma – delicate elastic membrane outside medullary sheath of nerve fiber LEP- to seize nympholepsy – ecstacy of an erotic type LEPID- scale lepidosteoid – a ganoid scale lacking cosmine LEPT- thin, delicate leptocyte – a thin erythrocyte of decreased volume LEUK- LEUC- white leukotrichia – whiteness of the hair LEX- to read dyslexia LIP- fat liposuction LITH- -LITE stone monolithic, lithium, lithophyll – a fossil leaf LOG- word, speech, reason analogy, dyslogia – difficulty in expression of ideas by speech LOPH- crest, ridge tuft LOPHI- small crest, lophion dilophous – atetractinal spicule with two rays forked like a crest LY- to loosen, to dissolve, to break up lysine – a cell-dissolving substance LYMPH- water, lymph cytolymph – the fluid part of protoplasm MACR- large, long acromacria – spider fingers MALAC- soft malacology – study of mulluscs MAST- MAZ- breast acromastitis – inflammation of a nipple MASTIG- MASTIX- whip, flagellum Mastigophora – a class of flagellated protozoa MEGA- MEGAL- large, one million megabyte, megaphone, megaphyllous – having relatively large leaves MEL- limb symmelia – coalescence of the lower extremities MELAN- black, dark melancholy MEN- moon, menstruation meniscectomy MENING- membrane meningosis – union of bones by membranes MER- part eumerism – an aggregation of like parts MES- middle mesocarp – middle layer of the pericarp METR- uterus metremia – congestion of the uterus MICR- small, one millionth micro, microscope, micromelia – abnormal smallness of the limbs MIS- hate misanthropy – hatred or distrust of mankind MIT- thread mitosis – indirect or karyokinetic cell division MNE- to remember amnesia MOGI- difficult mogilalia – difficulty in speech MON- single, one monorail, monochromic – occurring or originating only once MORPH- form metamorphosis MY- MYS- MYOS- muscle myochrome – any muscle pigment MYC- MYCET- fungus neomycin – antibiotic produced by a soil actinomycete MYEL- spinal cord, marrow myeloblastoma – a tumor composed of precursors of bone marrow cells MYI- fly myiasis – disease caused by the invasion of the larvae of flies MYX- mucus, slime myxopodium – a slimy pseudopodium NARC- stupor narcohypnosis – a state of deep sleep produced by hypnosis NE- new, new and different form of neon, neo NECR- corpse, dead tissue necromancer NEM- NEMAT- thread chromonema – a fine chromatin thread which constitutes the prophase chromosome NEPHR- kidney nephrotome – section of embryo which kinder structures develop NEUR- nerve, nervous system, tendon neurotomy – the division of a nerve NOS- disease nosologic – pertaining to the science of classification of diseases NOT- the back stenonotal – with a very small thorax NYCT- night nyctophonia – hysterical loss of voice during the day in one who is capable of speaking at night OCT(A)- eight octopus, octode – a vacuum tube with eight electrodes ODONT- tooth orthodontist ODYN- pain anodyne, odynophobia – morbid dread of pain OLIG- few, scanty oligarchy OM- shoulder omitis – obsolete word for the inflammation of the shoulder OMPHAL- naval omphalion – center of the umbilicus ONC- -ONCUS tumor, swelling adenoncus – an enlargement or tumor of a gland ONT- being, individual meront – a uninucleate schizont stage ONYCH- finger or toenail, claw acronychous – having claws, nails and hoofs ONYM- name anonymous, synonym, hyponym – a generic name not based on a type of species OO- egg oozoid – any individual which develops from an egg OP- OPT- eye, to see PROSOP- face autopsy, optic, myopia OPHTHALM- eye megalophthalmus – excessive largeness of the eye OPISTH- behind opisthodont – having back teeth only ORCHI(I)- ORCHID- testicle orchid, cryptorchism – failure of the testes to descend ORNIS- ORNITH- bird archaeornis – extinct birds ORTH- straight, correct orthodox OSM- smell anosmia – absence of the sense of smell OST(E)- bone osteoporosis OT- ear diotic – pertaining to both ears OXY- OX- sharp, acid, oxygen oxydactyle – having slender, tapering digits PACHY- thick pachyderm, pachycladous – thick branched PALE- PALAE- old, ancient paleontology, paleoanthropus – a hominid more primitive than homosapiens PALI(N)- again, back palirrhea – recurrence of mucus discharge PAN- PANT- all, complete panacea, pangamic – indiscriminate mating PATH- disease, suffering, feeling sympathy, pathetic, idiopathic PED- PAED- child pediatrician PEN- deficiency, want pancytopenia – reduction of all three formed elements of blood PENT(A)- five pentagon, pentactinic – five rayed PEP(S)- PEPT- to digest pepsid ac, pepto bismol PETR- rock petrify, petrophilous – attached to or living on rocks PEX- to fasten PAG- united craniopagus – conjoined twins united by their heads PHA- PHAN- to appear, to show epiphany PHA- to speak PHEM- voice aphemia – an inability to articulate works or sentences due to central lesion PHAG- to eat esophagus PHIL- to love, have an affinity for Philadelphia PHLEB- vein phlebismus – undue prominence or swelling of a vein PHON- sound, voice telephone, dysphonia – an impaiment of voice PHOR- PHER- to bear, to go phosphorous, metaphor PHOT- light photo, photopsia – sparks or flashes of light manifested in certain pathological conditions of the optic nerve or brain PHRA- to speak phrase, paraphrase, aphrasia – loss of power to utter connected phrases PHRAG- to block up, to wall in diaphragm, metaphragma – an internal metathoracic septum in insects PHREN- mind, diaphragm hypophrenia – feeblemindedness PHTHI- to waste away phthisiogyne – pupal female ant parasitized by an Orasema larva PHY- to grow physics, physical, apophysis – a process, outgrowth or projection of some part or organ PHYC- seaweed, algae Drepanophycus – genus of fossil plants PHYL- race, class monophyletic – derived from a single common parent form PHYLAC(T)- to guard, to protect exophylaxis – protection afforded against pathogenic organisms by skin secretions PHYLL- leaf chlorophyll PHYT- plant, growth autophyte – a self-nourished plant PLAN- wandering planet, planoblast – a free-swimming hydroid individual PLAS(T)- to form, to mold plastic, plaster, chloroplast PLASY(S)- broad, flat platysma – a subcutaneous muscle in the neck PLEUR- side, rib, pleura anisopleural – bilaterally asymmetrical PLEX- stroke PLEG- paralysis paraplegia -PLO folded, fold diploma, polyploidy – with a reduplication of chromosome number PNE(A)- PNEUST- breathing holopneustic – with all spiracles open for respiration PNEUM- PNEUMAT- air, gas pneumonia, pneumatocele – a sac or tumor containing gas PNEUMON- PHEUM- lung pneumonia, pneumolith – a calculus or concretion occurring in a lung POD- PUS- foot tripod, octopus POIE- to make onomatopoeia, hidropoiesis – formation of sweat POIKIL- varied, irregular, mottled poikilocyte – a large red blood cell of irregular shape POLI- gray polioplasm – granular cytoplasm POLY- many, much polygon POR- passage, pore blastopore – channel leading into archenteron of gastrula PORPHYR- purple porphyrin – a heterocyclic ring derived from porphin PRESBY- old Presbyterian, presbycusis – progressive hearing loss occurring with age PROCT- anus, rectum proctology PROT- first, original, primitive prototype, proton, protoplasm – living cell substance PSEUD- false pseudocode PSYCH- mind, soul psychopathic PTER- PTERYG(I)- wing, fin helicopter, hyalopterous – having transparent wings PTO- to fall symptom, proptosis – falling downward PTY- to spi PTYAL- saliva ptyalin – diastatic enzyme found in saliva PY- pus pyorrhea – a purulent discharge PYCN- PYKN- thick, frequent pycnopodia – a genus of starfishes including the twenty rayed stars PYEL- pelvis, especially of the kidney pyelostomy – incision of the renal pelvis PYG- buttocks pygidium – the terminal abdominal segment of a beetle PYL(E)- gate, entrance apopyle – exhalant pore of a sponge PYR- PYRET- fire, fever PYREX- fever pyrotoxin – a toxic agent generated in the course of the febrile processes RHABD- rod rhabdomyoma – tumor of striated muscle RHACH(I)- RACH(I)- -RRHACH- the spine rachiocampsis – curvature of the spine RHAPH- -RRHAPH- to sew, to suture dysrhaphism – defective raphe formation RHE- -RRH to slow, current rheophore – an electrode RHIN- -RRHIN- nose rhinoceros RHIZ- -RRHIZ- root rhizome – a thick horizontal stem running partly along and partly under ground -RRHAG- excessive discharge, usually of blood enterorrhagia – intestinal hemorrhage SALPING- tube, Eustachian or fallopian tube salpingocyesis – tubal pregnancy SAPR- rotten saprozoic – living on decaying or dead organic matter SARC- flesh sarcobiont – living on flesh SAUR- lizard saurian – resembling a lizard SCHIZ- SCHIS(T)- to split schism, schist – division along parallel planes SCLER- hard otosclerosis – laying down of new bone around the oral window SCOP- to view scope, endoscope – instrument used to examine an internal body SEP- to rot, to putrify antiseptic – preventing sepsis or poisoning by destruction of exclusion of microoraganisms from body tissue SIAL- saliva glycosialia – presence of glucose in saliva SIT- foot sitotropism – tendency to turn in direction of food SOM- SOMAT- body somesthesia – sensibility to bodily sensations SPA- to draw, to jerk spasmophemia – obsolete term for stuttering SPERM(A)- SPERMAT- seed, semen spermatozoon – a male reproductive cell SPHEN- wedge sphenoid – a basal compound skull bone of some vertebrates SPHYGM- pulse sphygmogram – the tracing made by the sphygmograph SPIR- coil spiral, spiraster – a spiral and ragged sponge spiracle SPLANCHN- entrails, viscera somaticosplanchnic – relating to the body and viscera SPLEN- spleen gastrosplenic – relating to the stomach and the spleen SPONDYL- vertebra polyspondyly – condition of having multiple vertebral parts SPOR- seed, spore acrospore – spore on end of sporophore STA- to stand, to stop, to fix, to regulate static, thermostat STAPHYL- bunch of grapes, uvula staphylococcus – nonmotile, gram positive, spherical bacteria sometimes occurring in clusters STEAR- STEAT- fat, tallow asteatosis – absence of sebaceous secretion STEN- narrow stenocardia – obsolete term for angina pectoris STERE- solid, three-dimensional stereotype, stereo, stereoplasm – more solid part of protoplasm STERN- chest, breastbone eusternum – a sternal sclerite of insects STETH- chest microstethophone – a stethoscope which amplifies the sounds heard STHEN- strength anisosthenic – not of equal power STIG- pricking, mark, point osteostixis – surgical puncturing of a bone STOL- STAL- STLE- tosend, to contract systole – contraction of heart STOM- STOMAT- mouth, opening stomach, microstome – small opening STREPT- STROPH- turned, twisted apostrophe, phlebostrepsis – the twisting of a vein STYL- pillar styloid – processes of the temporal bone SYRING- SYRINX- pipe, tube syringadenoma – a sweat-gland tumor TA- to stretch myotasis – muscular tension or toxicity TAC- TAX- to arrange, to put in order tactics, syntax TACH(Y)- swift tachyphagia – rapid-eating TARS- instep, edge of the eye tarsoptosia – flat foot TEL(E)- completion, end, purpose atelosis – dwarfism TELE- afar, operating at a distance telegraph, telephone, telescope, teleopsia – a disorder in a visual perception of space TETR(A)- four tetracheirus – having four hands THALL- young shoot merithallus – a stem unit THANAT- death thanatophobia – a morbid fear of death THE- to put, to place thesis, hypothesis, parenthesis THEC(A)- case, sheath podotheca – a foot-covering THEL- nipple mesothelium – tissue lining body cavities THERM- heat hypothermia THI- sulfur thiogenic – applies to sulfur producing bacteria THORAC- chest, thorax thoracocrytosis – excessive curvature of the thorax THROMB- clot thrombocyte – blood platelet THYM- mind, emotions euthymia – joyful but tranquil mood TOC- TOK- childbirth oligotocous – bearing few young TOM- to cut, section enTOM- insect anatomy TON- stretching, tension tonic, isotonic – of equal tension TOP- place topography TOX- poison toxin, cytotoxin – a cell poisoning substance found in blood serum TRACHEL- neck trachelagra – rheumatic or gouty pain in the neck TRE(T)- to bore, to perforate atertostomia – inperforation of the mouth TRI- three tricycle, tricoccus – a three carpel fruit TRIB- TRIP- to rub, to crush osteotribe – a bone rasp TRICH- THRIX- hair schizotrachia – splitting of the hair TROCH- wheel, disk telotroch – pre-anal tuft of cilia of trochosphere TROP- TREP- to turn, response to stimulus tropic TROPH- nourishment, development autotroph UR- tail urosthenic – having tail strongly developed for propulsion UR- URE- urine, urinary system, to urinate ureter XANTH- yellow xanthopsin – yellow pigment in an insect eye XEN- host, stranger, foreigner xenophobia, monoxenous – confined to a single species of hosts XER- dry xeric – characterized by a scanty supply of moisture XYL- wood xylophone, melanoxylon – black wood ZO- animal, living being zoology, zodiac ZYG- yoke azygomelous – having unpaired appendages ZYM- ferment, enzyme zymosis – fermentation